When to plant winter squash in Billings, Montana

May 24 – June 7

Transplant outdoors · typical Billings year

Climate basis: NOAA station Billings Wtp, MT (USC00240802), 13 mi (21 km) from downtown Billings (ZCTA 59101 centroid), elevation 3097 ft, on the 1991–2020 climate normals. Transplant winter squash outdoors from approximately the dates above, anchored to the median last spring 32°F freeze (May 10). One year in ten still freezes after May 24.

Last spring freezeMay 101-in-10 after May 24
First fall freezeOctober 11-in-10 before Sep 19
Frost-free season142 daysmedian at 32°F
Hard freeze, 28°Apr 27Oct 12kills even hardy greens
USDA zone5a-20 to -15°F winter low not frost timing

The Billings year

Start seeds indoorsApr 26 – May 3
Transplant outdoorsMay 24 – Jun 7
Direct-sow outdoorsMay 24 – Jun 7
  • indoors under lights
  • in the garden
  • frost-free season
  • 1-in-10 years still freeze to May 24
Winter squash in Billings · freeze context from Billings Wtp, MT, 1991–2020 normals.

Every method, with its sources

Start seeds indoors

Apr 26 – May 3

Sow in pots 3–4 weeks before the outdoor window opens (UNH 3–4 weeks; Missouri G6570 3–5 weeks). Anchored to the median last spring freeze (May 10). University of New Hampshire Extension · University of Missouri Extension

Transplant outdoors

May 24 – Jun 7

UNH: set out 2 weeks after last frost; Purdue very-tender class agrees. Anchored to the median last spring freeze (May 10). University of New Hampshire Extension · Purdue University Extension

Direct-sow outdoors

May 24 – Jun 7

Purdue: very tender — at least two weeks after the average last frost; Penn State earliest sowing May 15 (+14 days) agrees. Anchored to the median last spring freeze (May 10). Purdue University Extension · Penn State Extension (York County Master Gardeners)

Variety assumption: Assumes an average butternut/acorn-type variety (about 90–110 days; Penn State lists 90). Fruit must mature before fall frost.

These windows describe typical years (1991–2020 climate normals), not this year's forecast. Freezes happen outside them — especially in frost pockets, valleys, and urban edges. Watch the forecast before committing tender plants.

This week, not a typical year:
Crop rule sources (4)

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