When to plant marigold in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

April 26 – May 10

Transplant outdoors · typical Milwaukee year

Climate basis: NOAA station West Allis, WI (USC00479046), 6 mi (10 km) from downtown Milwaukee (ZCTA 53202 centroid), elevation 723 ft, on the 1991–2020 climate normals. Transplant marigold outdoors from approximately the dates above, anchored to the median last spring 32°F freeze (April 26). One year in ten still freezes after May 12.

Last spring freezeApril 261-in-10 after May 12
First fall freezeOctober 221-in-10 before Oct 7
Frost-free season177 daysmedian at 32°F
Hard freeze, 28°Apr 14Nov 1kills even hardy greens
USDA zone6a-10 to -5°F winter low not frost timing

The Milwaukee year

Start seeds indoorsMar 1 – Mar 15
Transplant outdoorsApr 26 – May 10
Direct-sow outdoorsApr 26 – May 10
  • indoors under lights
  • in the garden
  • frost-free season
  • 1-in-10 years still freeze to May 12
Marigold in Milwaukee · freeze context from West Allis, WI, 1991–2020 normals.

Every method, with its sources

Start seeds indoors

Mar 1 – Mar 15

Sources disagree on indoor timing - UW-Madison says about 8 weeks and UMN about 10 weeks before the after-frost outdoor planting date - and the later, more conservative 8-week start wins, giving 56 to 42 days before last frost. Anchored to the median last spring freeze (Apr 26). University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension · University of Minnesota Extension · Iowa State University Extension and Outreach

Transplant outdoors

Apr 26 – May 10

UMN, UW-Madison and Iowa State all agree that marigold plants go out once danger of frost has passed, so the set-out window opens at the last-frost date and runs two weeks. Anchored to the median last spring freeze (Apr 26). Iowa State University Extension and Outreach

Direct-sow outdoors

Apr 26 – May 10

Iowa State University Extension is the only one of the three sources to anchor direct seeding to frost rather than soil temperature ('Sow marigold seeds outdoors when the danger of frost is past'), giving a two-week window from the last-frost date; UW-Madison's and UMN's 65F soil-temperature rules cannot be frost-anchored and were not encoded. Anchored to the median last spring freeze (Apr 26). University of Wisconsin-Madison Division of Extension · University of Minnesota Extension · Iowa State University Extension and Outreach

Variety assumption: Covers Tagetes marigolds (French, African/American and signet types) only; pot marigold / calendula (Calendula officinalis) is a different plant and is not encoded here.

These windows describe typical years (1991–2020 climate normals), not this year's forecast. Freezes happen outside them — especially in frost pockets, valleys, and urban edges. Watch the forecast before committing tender plants.

This week, not a typical year:
Crop rule sources (3)

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