Cauliflower (cool-season heading brassica) is classed semi hardy in the cited extension guidance. The timing rules below are relative to your local freeze dates — enter a location to turn them into calendar dates.
The rules this site applies
Method
Frost-relative window
Rule & reconciliation
Start seeds indoors
8–6 weeks before the median last spring freeze
Sow 4–6 weeks before the set-out window opens (UNH 4–6 weeks; Missouri G6570 6–8 weeks).
Transplant outdoors
2 weeks before the median last spring freeze, up to the freeze date
UNH: set out 2 weeks before the last frost; Purdue's semi-hardy class allows 2–4 weeks before. The later UNH point is used, with a 14-day span.
Seed germination soil temperature: optimum 80°F (optimum range 45–85°F); minimum 40°F, maximum 100°F. Purdue HO-186-W Table 3. Cold soil below the minimum rots seed — a reason windows and soil readings both matter.
Variety assumption: Assumes an average variety (about 55–75 days from transplant).
Hardiness classes: hardy = plant 4-6 wk before last spring frost; semi-hardy = 2-4 wk before; tender = after average last frost; very tender = at least 2 wk after. Table 2: fall planting at least 4-8 wk before first fall frost.